Section 15970
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL FOR HVAC
SYSTEMS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 SUMMARY
A. Section Includes:
1. Instrumentation and control for
HVAC systems.
2. Temperature control.
3. Ventilation control.
4. Heating control.
5. Cooling control.
6. Control wiring.
7. Panels and accessories.
8. Miscellaneous.
B. Related Specification Sections
include but are not necessarily limited to:
1. Division 1, Additional General
Requirements
2. Section 10400, Identifying Devices
3. Section 11005, Equipment: Basic
Requirements
4. Section 15605, HVAC: Equipment
5. Section 15890, HVAC: Ductwork
6. Section 16010, Electrical General
Provisions
7. Section 16050, Basic Materials and
Methods
8. Section 16075, Electrical
Identification Nameplates and Warning Signs
9. Section 16120, Conductors and
Cables
10. Section 16130, Raceway Systems and
Pull Boxes
11. Section 16442, Control Panels
12. Section 17405, Process
Instrumentation and Control
1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. See Specification Section 11005,
Equipment: Basic Requirements. B. Referenced Standards:
1. ASTM International (ASTM):
D1693
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress- Cracking of
Ethylene Plastics
2. Instrumentation, Systems, and
Automation Society (ISA):
S5.1
Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
S5.4
Standard Instrument Loop Diagrams
3. National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA):
250
Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts
Maximum)
4. National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA):
70
National Electrical Code (NEC)
5. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
(UL) C. Miscellaneous:
1. Controls to be in compliance with
Specification Section 16010, Electrical and General Provisions, for
NEMA and NEC enclosure class requirements unless noted or specified
otherwise.
2. Unless specifically noted
otherwise, components of systems shall be industrial duty suitable
for moist, corrosive environments.
1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
A. Work shall be provided as an
integrated operating system.
B. Provide a complete system of
automatic temperature control, thermostats, relays, valves, damper
operators and other associated controls and appurtenances required
to maintain minimum conditions described in detail herein and on
Drawings, together with thermometers, gauges and other accessory
equipment.
1. Assemble control system with
complete system of wiring and conduit to fulfill requirements of the
Contract Documents. Contractor to determine conduit routes and cable
quantities for all devices wired to the HVAC Main Control Panel
15LFCP950. Wiring and conduit shall meet the requirements of
Division 16, Electrical.
C. Install system using competent
mechanics under direct supervision of control manufacturer.
D. Controls, as set out in "Sequence
of Operation," are designed to illustrate operating functions
only.
1. Control sequence shall be
considered supplementary to "Sequence of
Operation."
2. These minimum specified items,
and any additional controls, not indicated but required to meet
performance as outlined in the Contract Documents, shall be
furnished and installed at no additional cost to OCSD to make a
complete system.
E. Sequence of Operation - General:
1. Sequence of operation indicated
illustrates basic operating functions only.
2. CONTRACTOR shall review P&IDs
and Drawings and submit complete installation data, including
minor details, to provide proper operation in its proposal.
3. Where an item differs from
Specifications, control manufacturer shall submit manufacturer's
recommendations subject to ENGINEER's approval.
F. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Dewatering Building Occupied
Areas Air Handler):
1. Equipment: 15LAHU976, 15LFV972,
15LFCP950, 15LFV669:
a. Air handling unit is started and
stopped by a programmable 7-day, 24-hour time clock located in
the Dewatering Building HVAC main control panel
15LFCP950. Smoke detector ASH-982 and
freezestat shall shut down the unit on smoke detection or on supply
air temperature leaving the unit at less than 40 degrees F and
signal alarms at 15LFCP950. An alarm signal from ASH-982 shall also
be provided to the building fire alarm panel. A temperature
controller located in HVAC main control panel 15LFCP950shall
modulate the temperature control valve FV-972 to maintain supply air
discharge temperature, measured by TIT-
981, at 55 degrees F. Utilizing a
selector relay, the supply air temperature is reset from the zone
with the greatest cooling demand by the individual zone temperature
sensors. Modulate outside air and return air dampers according to
the reset schedule indicated on the Drawings for economizer control.
Move outside air damper to the minimum position when the outside
air rises above 76 degrees F (adjustable). Individual zone control
is by four (4) zone temperature sensors which control the variable
volume terminal units and electric heating coils. Upon decreasing
room temperature modulate damper to the minimum position. On
further decrease in room temperature switch the heat coil to the
“on” position. The AHU supply fan air flow is controlled by a
static pressure sensor in the supply air ductwork which modulates a
bypass damper 15LFV669 between the supply and return ductwork.
Configure controls so that on a call for cooling by any of the five
temperature transmitters, the chiller will cycle for maintaining
zone temperatures.
2. Equipment: 15LCHR971:
a. Chiller 15LCHR971 has internal
manufacturer provided controls, and is controlled by a local control
panel independently from the HVAC control panel. Chiller controls
located within the chiller unit will unload and cycle the
compressors based on return chilled water temperature. Chiller is
provided with a packaged hydronic system for pumping chilled water
to the air handling unit. When the outside air is above 55 degrees F
enable the chiller and start the hydronic system.
3. Equipment: 15LAC668 and
15LAHU667:
a. The server room is provided
with a backup split conditioning system.
15LAC668 and 15LAHU667 shall be
controlled by a dedicated 7-day, 24-hour programmable thermostat
located in HVAC main control panel 15LFCP950. On call for cooling,
the unit fan shall run continuously and the refrigerant system shall
cycle to maintain the room at 78 degrees F.
G. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Dewatering Building Occupied
Areas Exhaust Fans):
1. Equipment: 15LFAN987,
15LFAN988, 15LFAN989, 15LFAN973, and
15LFCP950:
a. 15LFAN987 shall be interlocked
with 15LAHU971 through HVAC main control panel 15LFCP950. When
15LAHU971 runs, this fan is energized to run.
b. 15LFAN988 and 15LFAN989 shall be
energized from the room light switch. Fans shall shutdown when the
lights are off or after a 30 minute adjustable time delay.
c. 15LFAN973 shall be energized with
a switch from the fume hood.
H. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Dewatering Building Electrical
Rooms):
1. Equipment: 15LAC951, 15LAC955,
FV-952, FV-954, FV-956, FV-958 and
15LFCP950:
a. 15LAC951 and 15LAC955 shall each
be controlled by dedicated 7-day, 24- hour programmable thermostats
TSHL-959 and TSHL-961 located in the respective Electrical Room.
Modulate outside air and return air dampers (internal to units)
according to the following reset schedule for economizer control.
Move outside air damper to the minimum position when the outside air
rises above 76 degrees F (adjustable). The units shall cycle to
maintain the rooms at 90 degrees F. Duct smoke detectors ASH-953
and ASH-957 shall shut down their respective AC unit on smoke
detection and signal an alarm at the Dewatering Building HVAC main
control panel 15LFCP950. Alarm signals from ASH-953 and ASH-957
shall also be provided to the building fire alarm panel. High room
temperature sensors/transmitters TE/TIT-960 and TE/TIT-962 in each
respective Electrical Room shall provide temperature indication to
plant PLC. Low flow switches FSL-963 and FSL-964 on supply duct of
each unit shall signal an alarm at 15LFCP950 on detection of low
flow. Electrical and Switchgear Rooms ventilation fans must always
be “on”. Thermostats shall control only the temperature, and not
the fans. These rooms must have positive pressure with respect to
ground level.
b. Motorized control damper FV-952,
and FV-956 shall be normally open. FV-
954 and FV-958 shall be provided with
a switch in the HVAC main control panel to remotely open and close
the dampers if one AC unit is out of service. Dampers shall be
provided with position switches and provide open/close
signals to
15LFCP950. If FV-952 or FV-956 is
closed, the respective air conditioning unit
shall not start and an alarm shall be
signaled at 15LFCP950. FV-956 shall also be interlocked with the
fire alarm system. On a signal from the fire alarm system, damper
shall close and 15LAC955 shall shut down and signal an alarm
at15LFCP950.
c. Reset Schedule:
-
Mixed Air Temp, Degrees F
Return Air Temp, Degrees F
55
76
60
74
65
72
I. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Dewatering Building Centrifuge
Room, Basement, and Tunnel 32):
1. Equipment: 15LAHU965, 15LAHU968,
and 15LFCP950:
a. 15LAHU965 and 15LAHU968
supply and exhaust fans shall run continuously. Duct smoke
detectors ASH-966 and ASH-969 on the supply duct from each unit
shall shut down the respective unit on smoke detection and signal
alarms at the Dewatering Building HVAC main control panel 15LFCP950.
Alarm signals from ASH-966 and ASH-969 shall also be provided to the
building fire alarm panel. Flow sensors FSL-967 and FSL-970 on the
supply duct of each unit shall signal an alarm at 15LFCP950 on
detection of low flow (66,640 cfm and
57,890 cfm respectively). Each air
handling unit is supplied with a set of 3 duty and 1 standby for
each set of supply and return/exhaust fans. If a duty fan fails, the
standby fan shall automatically be energized and a fail alarm for
the failed fan shall be signaled at 15LCP950. Provide selector
switches (4 each) at 15LCP950 to select the standby fan at each set
of supply and return/exhaust fans at each air handling unit.
b. Tunnel exhaust fan 15LFAN994
shall run continuously. Low flow sensor
FSL-995 on the exhaust duct upstream
of the fan shall signal an alarm at
15LFCP950 on detection of low flow
(465 cfm).
J. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Dewatering Building Battery
Room):
1. Equipment: 15LAC657,
15LFAN652, 15LFAN655, 15LAHU653, and
15LFCP950:
a. 15LAC657 and 15LAHU653 shall be
controlled by a dedicated 7-day, 24- hour programmable thermostat
located in HVAC main control panel 15LFCP950. On call for cooling,
the unit fan shall run continuously and the refrigerant system shall
cycle to maintain the room at 78 degrees F.
b. 15LFAN652 shall be
interlocked with 15LFAN655. Both fans run continuously.
Low flow sensor FSL-665 on supply air duct and low flow sensor
FSL-656 on exhaust duct shall signal an alarm at the HVAC main
control panel
15LFCP950 on low flow detection (100
cfm).
K. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Dewatering Building Elevator
Machine Room):
1. Equipment: 15LAC660 and
15LAHU650:
a. 15LAC660 and 15LAHU650 shall be
controlled by a dedicated 7-day, 24- hour programmable thermostat
located in HVAC main control panel 15LFCP950. On call for cooling,
the unit fan shall run continuously and the refrigerant system shall
cycle to maintain the room at 78 degrees F.
L. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Tunnel 29):
1. Equipment: 15LFAN974:
a. 15LFAN974 shall run continuously.
Low flow sensor FSL-975 mounted on the duct upstream of the fan
shall signal an alarm at plant PLC on low flow detection (1,430
cfm).
M. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Valve Vault):
1. Equipment: 15LFAN016:
a. 15LFAN016 shall run continuously.
Low flow sensor FSL-012 mounted on the duct upstream of the fan
shall signal an alarm at the plant PLC on low flow detection (1,900
cfm).
N. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Loadout Facility):
1. Equipment: 15JFAN951, FV-957, and
15JFCP959:
a. 15JFAN951 shall run continuously.
Duct smoke detector ASH-953 shall shut down the unit on smoke
detection and signal an alarm at the HVAC control panel
15JFCP959. An alarm signal from
ASH-953 shall also be provided to the building fire alarm panel. Low
flow sensor FSL-952 on the discharge of the unit shall
signal an alarm at 15JFCP959 on
detection of low flow (11,000 cfm). 15JFAN951 shall be interlocked
with FV-957 and shut down if FV-957 is closed.
O. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Loadout Facility):
1. Equipment: 15JFAN954, FV-957, and
15JFCP959:
a. 15JFAN954 shall run
continuously. Low flow sensor FSL-955 on the discharge of the
unit shall signal an alarm at HVAC control panel 15JFCP959 on
detection of low flow.
b. FV-957 shall be provided with a
switch at 15JFCP959 to remotely open and close the damper. Damper
shall be provided with position switches and provide an “open”
or “closed” signal to 15JFCP959.
P. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Loadout Facility):
1. Equipment: 15JFAN532,
15JFAN533, 15JFAN539, 15JFAN540, and
15JFCP961:
a. Existing two-speed fans shall run
continuously and are energized from the MCC panel. Local “fast”
and “slow” jog switches shall be located at the existing fans
and at the main HVAC Control Panel 15JFCP961.
Q. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Loadout Facility):
1. Equipment: 15JFAN000, 15JFAN521,
and 15JFAN546:
a. Existing fan 15JFAN000 shall be
energized by new local light switch.
b. Existing fans 15JFAN521 and
15JFAN546 shall be energized by new local switches.
R. Sequence of Operation for the
following equipment (Loadout Facility):
1. Equipment: 15JAC525:
a. Existing heat pump 15JAC525 shall
be controlled by a new programmable
24-hour, 7-day thermostat TS-525
located in the electrical room.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Shop Drawings:
1. Submittals shall be made in
accordance with the General Requirements, Additional General
Requirements and as specified herein.
2. Plan drawings showing conduit
routing, cable schedule and wiring diagrams showing point to point
termination with auxiliary interlocks for each item in each control
loop.
3. Information on equipment proposed
for use including corrosion protection.
4. Instrument loop diagrams and
word description of loop function for each individual unit
controlled including auxiliary interlocks in full compliance with
ISA S5.4.
a. Show components in system and
ensure diagrams are in full compliance with ISA S5.1
(Instrumentation Symbols and Identification) and other related ISA
standards.
B. Quality Control Submittals:
1. Secure from equipment
manufacturers, detailed and complete control and power wiring
diagrams, word descriptions of controls provided as part of the HVAC
equipment or equipment interfaced or interlocked thereto, and submit
with equipment manufacturer's submittals.
a. Provide the above information to
control manufacturer. C. Operation and Maintenance Manuals:
1. See Specification Section 01783,
Vendor Equipment Manuals, for requirements for:
a. The mechanics and administration
of the submittal process b. The content of Operation and
Maintenance Manuals
1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Unless stated otherwise, the
environment and air streams will include varying
concentrations of the following chemical components:
1. HSO4 - Sulfuric acid.
2. NH(3) - Ammonia.
3. Cl(2) - Chlorine.
4. H(2)S - Hydrogen sulfide.
5. HCl - Hydrochloric acid.
6. Condensation.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
A. Subject to compliance with the
Contract Documents, the following manufacturers are acceptable:
1. Manufacturer's catalog numbers
hereinafter are for reference to type, style, dimension,
related items and to establish a standard of quality.
a. Reference to a manufacturer's
number hereinafter does not imply full compliance to these
Specifications.
2. Instrumentation and control
systems:
a. Honeywell
b. Johnson Control Co. c. Or
Equal.
2.2 EQUIPMENT A. Dampers:
1. Refer to Specification Section
15890, HVAC: Ductwork. B. Damper Operators:
1. Provide operators of proper size
and number to secure true throttling or two- position action as
required.
2. Furnish damper operators for
installation inside ductwork and attached to frame of damper, or
installed outside ductwork and connected to extended shaft
as required.
3. Provide operators for outside
air, spring-loaded with sufficient power to assure tight closing of
dampers on fan shutdown or in the fail safe position indicated by
"Sequence of Controls."
4. Electric operators:
a. Provide operators:
1) Fully immersed in oil gear train.
2) Enclosed in closed cast aluminum
housing. b. Provide operators in NEMA 4X enclosure.
c. Provide damper operators with
integral spring return motor springs to make controls fail safe in
position specified under "Sequence of Controls."
d. Provide fully modulating
operators from proportional electric controllers.
e. Provide end switches or
proportioning controllers permitting simultaneous operation or
interlocking with other equipment.
f. Provide separate electrical
circuits for damper operators with no more than four (4) operators
on a circuit.
5. Coordinate with dampers provided:
a. Provide damper operators that are
rated for the required torque.
b. If single damper operator can not
meet torque requirement, provide sectional dampers to match operator
torque.
6. Use of electric operators shall
be limited to small dampers in those applications where it is
impractical to provide pneumatic operators and are to be approved by
the ENGINEER.
7. Ensure coordination to provide
for the installation of tight closing dampers low leakage type (6
cfm per square foot at 4 inches WC pressure across damper) with
compatible dampers, damper operators and related controls.
C. Motor-Operated Valves:
1. Valves shall have modulating plugs
and contoured disc type inner valve construction to ensure
modulation of flow and shut-off features as the application demands.
2. Furnish valves 2 inches and
smaller with high grade bronze bodies with screwed ends.
a. Reducers and fittings necessary
to install smaller than pipe size valves shall be furnished and
installed under applicable piping sections.
3. Furnish valves 2-1/2 inches and
larger with iron bodies with flanged ends.
a. Rate valves at a maximum fluid
pressure of 125 pounds per inch, and a maximum fluid temperature of
350 degrees F.
b. Valves to be sized in
accordance with flow capacity and pressure drop indicated.
-
InletPressure
DifferentialPressure
Chilled water
25 psig
5 feet
4. Furnish valves for chilled water
with equal percentage modulating plugs and renewable composition
discs.
a. Coil valves shall be molded
rubber diaphragm type. b. Valves 2 inches and smaller shall be
screwed.
c. Valves 2-1/2 inches and larger
shall be flanged. d. Valve bodies suitable for 125 psig WP
e. Provide three-way mixing or
diverting valves as indicated or as the application demands.
D. Valve Operators:
1. Provide operators of proper size
and number to secure true throttling or two- position action as
required.
2. Provide electric operators with
fully immersed in oil gear train, in tightly closed cast aluminum
housing.
a. Provide valve linkage.
3. Schedule:
-
Valve No.
GPM
Valve C v
Valve Type
Size, IN
15LFV972
47.9
32.6
3-way
1 1/4
E. Electric Control Instruments:
1. Provide stainless steel sensing
elements type thermostats with liquid filled, compensated thermal
systems so that equally spaced dial graduations are possible over
entire range.
a. Make thermal systems field
detachable with averaging or plain bulbs as installation conditions
dictate.
b. Provide sensing elements minimum
of 60 inches in length and suitable for operation from -30 to 300
degrees F.
c. Provide reverse acting on-off
type thermostats for controlling ventilating fans.
d. Provide multiple stage
thermostats where designated in Paragraph
"Sequence of Operation."
2. Provide transformers for
supplying current to control equipment operating at less than 120 V
and where required by manufacturer's automatic control system design
capable of supplying 125 percent of energy requirements of equipment
connected for not less than 1 hour.
a. Enclose transformers in UL listed
cabinets with conduit connections.
b. Provide fused disconnect switches
on both primary and secondary sides. c. Provide in full compliance
with Division 16, Electrical, Specifications.
3. Provide low limit electric
thermostats of two-position type with 20-foot bulb and manual reset.
a. Shall be capable of opening
thermostat circuit if any 1-foot section of bulb is subjected to a
temperature below thermostat setting
b. Each thermostat shall have two
(2) circuits, one (1) to shut down fan, and another for alarm.
c. Install all freeze-stats to
override starter circuits regardless of position.
d. For corrosive environments
provide thermostats with stainless steel sensing elements.
1) Ensure element is installed to
sense coldest point should stratification occur.
4. Provide each thermostat with
an accurate red-reading thermometer sensing temperature outside of
enclosure.
5. Label thermostat with
identification tag of HVAC equipment controlled using phenolic
nameplate in accordance with Specification Section 10400,
Identifying Devices.
F. Industrial Controllers:
1. Provide control instruments,
devices, and incidentals of industrial process control quality
capable of producing the outlined performances.
2. Electronic (and electric)
controller shall have three (3) control mode capabilities of
proportional rate (time), and dead band within following minimum
performance and application criteria:
a. Setpoint Adjustment: 0 percent to
110 percent of span.
b. Repeatability: Setpoint repeats
within +0.1 percent of span.
c. Dead Band: 1 percent of span,
standard.
d. Rate: 5 to 30 seconds adjustable.
e. Response Level: 50 milliseconds
for a step change of 1 percent of span beyond setpoints.
f. Output: SPDT relay contacts, 5
amps at 117 Vac noninductive.
3. Controller shall be capable of
remote setpoint adjustment, permanently mounted in air flow control
panel unless otherwise indicated.
4. Provide each controller with
instruments (pressure gauges, milliampmeters, voltmeters, etc.) to
indicate magnitude of output signal in both medium of signal (psig,
mA, volt DC, etc.) and percentage of full output signal.
G. Static Pressure Gauges:
1. Install gauges on control panel
for each system.
a. One (1) gauge shall serve each
filter while others shall serve as a check on system.
b. Gauges shall be Magnahelic by
Dwyer 2000 ASF, Ashcroft, or equal, flush mounted with signal flag
for filter gauge.
c. Install static pressure tips as
scheduled under control panel indication points. d. Static
pressure ranges:
1) Filter (Cartridge): 0 to 2.0
inches WC.
2) Air-Handling and Air Conditioning
Systems: 0 to 10.0 inches WC (one
(1) per air-handling unit).
H. Airflow Sensors: See Section
17405, Process Instrumentation and Control. I. HVAC Control
Panels (15LFCP950, 15JFCP961):
1. Panels shall conform to the
requirements of Section 16442, Control Panels, and shall be floor or
wall-mounted and be sized to accommodate electrical switches,
protective devices (except electrical switches and devices furnished
as an integral part of air handling equipment).
2. Mount indicating controllers or
receiver-controllers, three-way air valves, relay, EP and PE
switches, switching relays, ammeters and other accessory items on
local sub-panels set in vicinity of equipment to be served.
a. Where two (2) similar items of
equipment, such as pumps, are installed adjacent to each other a
single panel may be used to contain all instruments.
3. Fully compensated capillaries
connected to instruments shall be of sufficient length to allow them
to be run between equipment and placed in such a position so that
they will not obstruct service of equipment or become damaged.
4. Temperatures, pressures, equipment
operation, and related items shall be continuously indicated on
panels.
5. Miniature milliamp meters for
electronic temperature transmission may be used.
6. Mount all relays, PE
switches, pressure switches, etc., on rear inside of
enclosure.
a. Tag each instrument corresponding
to symbols used on control diagrams.
7. Temperatures, pressures,
equipment operation, and related items shall be continuously
indicated on panels.
8. Points to be monitored are
scheduled in the Control Sequences and as shown on
Drawings.
9. Provide 120 V power, control, and
monitoring to and from temperature control panel for the following
devices:
a. Smoke detectors. b. Flow
switches.
c. Temperature control valves. d.
Temperature transmitters.
e. Thermostats.
f. Miscellaneous fans, dampers, and
valve actuators as shown on Drawings. g. Associated equipment.
10. Provide motor starters for 120V
equipment.
11. Provide all wiring and conduit
between the local temperature control panel and associated
equipment.
12. Local temperature control panel
shall be a programmable direct digital control
(DDC) system:
a. Battery backup.
b. Provide adequate I/O modules to
perform the control functions shown and specified with 20 percent
excess capacity.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
A. Comply with requirements of
Specification Section 16120, Conductors and Cables, and
Specification Section 16130, Raceway Systems and Pull Boxes.
B. Identification: See Specification
Section 10400, Identifying Devices.
C. Connect control devices to
perform functions indicated and perform in required sequence.
D. Use remote element temperature
transmitters for points of temperature transmitters for points of
temperature measurement occurring in air ducts or shafts, or in
mechanical piping system.
E. Use remote element pressure
transmitters of panel-mounted pressure gauges.
F. Where continuous indication of
space temperature is on local control panels, install a thermostat
and a temperature transmitter side by side.
1. Pipe continuous indication signal
to a receiver on panel.
2. A resistance element or
thermocouple signal may be used with continuous indicating meter,
calibrated in degrees F.
G. In general, locate thermostats for
room control immediately inside door, above light switch, unless
shown otherwise.
1. Where light switch is in an
entryway to room, locate thermostat on wall within room so it is
capable of sensing true space conditions.
2. Prior to installation, coordinate
thermostat location with ENGINEER. H. Mount local control panels
adjacent to equipment served.
I. Where a temperature indicating
gauge is used at the panel, a pressure gauge indicating
transmitter signal is not required.
J. Provide appropriate type
continuous reading indicator for each controller, transmitter and
transducer.
1. Mount in-line or tapped on
controller.
2. Mount at local control panel.
K. Gauges with flexible hose
terminating with hypodermic needle may be used for checking control
system.
1. Do not substitute for in-line
gauges.
L. Locate panels so visual
observation and adjustment can be accomplished from floor level.