Section 15000
PIPING, GENERAL
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
A. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish and
install all piping systems specified herein and shown on the
Drawings. Pipe material, class, joints, fittings, lining, and
coating shall be as indicated in the Pipe Schedule. Each system
shall be installed complete with all applicable fittings, hangers,
supports, anchors, expansion joints, flexible connections, valves,
and accessories to provide a functional system as designed. All
insulation, lining, coating, heat tracing, testing, disinfection,
supports, excavation, backfill and encasement, shall be included in
the piping system.
1. Alternative Pipe Types: Where
more than one type of pipe is indicated in the schedule or Drawings,
the type of pipe material to be installed may be selected by
CONTRACTOR. The details on the Drawings cover only one type of pipe
for each line. If a different material is selected by CONTRACTOR,
all details of connections, jointing, wall fittings, support,
anchorage, and harnesses shall be modified as necessary to produce an
equivalent design acceptable to ENGINEER.
B. Piping shown on Drawings and
specified herein is intended to define the general layout,
configuration, and routing, required method of support, pipe size and
type only. It is the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to provide a
complete system in accordance with the Drawings and requirements set
forth herein. All details necessary to provide a complete system as
specified herein are the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR. The
CONTRACTOR shall provide all spools, spacers, adapters, connectors,
and supports necessary to provide a complete and functional system.
The CONTRACTOR shall furnish pipe supports, hangers, anchors, etc.,
in addition to those shown on the Drawings or described in the
Specifications, when necessary to provide a system as specified
herein. The CONTRACTOR shall provide layout drawings of all piping
systems prior to installation showing all piping, equipment,
accessories, pipe supports, etc.
C. The CONTRACTOR shall examine the
site of the Work, including all existing facilities where new Work is
required, and shall verify the exact routing of piping required to
construct the intended piping system. The alignment of pipes may be
varied from that indicated on Drawings at no additional cost to OCSD,
where necessary, to avoid obstructions not shown on the Plans. The
piping arrangement shall provide adequate access to all devices for
maintenance and clearance at passageways.
D. The CONTRACTOR shall provide all
tools, equipment, materials, and supplies necessary and shall
perform all labor necessary to complete the Work specified herein and
indicated on the Drawings. The CONTRACTOR shall provide all testing
apparatus necessary to perform testing as required by the Contract
Documents. The CONTRACTOR shall provide any equipment necessary
for inspection of and testing of piping systems specified.
E. Pipe Service: Piping for
specific services shall be as listed in the Standard Pipe Schedule
unless otherwise indicated. Buried piping is only that piping
actually buried in the ground or cast in concrete. Exposed piping
includes that within buildings, tunnels or other structures
regardless of elevation.
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED
ELSEWHERE
A. The requirements of the following
sections and divisions apply to the Work of this section. Other
sections and divisions of the Specifications, not referenced below,
shall also apply to the extent required for proper performance of
this Work.
1. Section 01332, Seismic Design
Data
2. Section 02200, Earthwork
3. Section 02666, Water Pipeline
Testing and Disinfection
4. Division 02, Site Work,
applicable sections
5. Section 03300, Cast-in-Place
Concrete
6. Section 05500, Miscellaneous
Metalwork
7. Section 07600, Flashing and Sheet
Metal
8. Section 09800, Protective Coating
9. Section 15010, Mill Piping -
Exposed and Buried
10. Section 15020, Pipe Supports
11. Section 15250, Pipe and Equipment
Insulation
12. Section 15430, Plumbing
Specialties
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS,
CODES, AND STANDARDS
A. All Work specified herein shall
conform to or exceed the applicable requirements of the referenced
portions of the following publications to the extent that the
provisions thereof are not in conflict with other provisions of
these Specifications.
B. Comply with the applicable
editions of the following codes, regulations and standards.
1. Codes and Regulations:
CCR
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2, California
Building Code (CBC)
CCR
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 5, California
Plumbing Code
2. Industry Standards:
ASME B1.20.1
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
ASME B16.1
Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
(Classes 25, 125, and 250)
ASME B16.5
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through 24
Metric/Inch Standard
ASTM A 307
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000
psi Tensile Strength
ASTM A 325
Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
ASTM D 792
Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative
Density) of Plastics by Displacement
ASTM D 2000
Standard Classification System for Rubber
Products in Automotive Applications
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code- Steel
AWWA C105
Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile-Iron Pipe
Systems
AWWA C207
Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service - Sizes 4 Inch
through 144 Inch
AWWA C209
Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for the Exterior of Special Sections,
Connections, and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA M11
Steel Pipe - A Guide for Design and Installation
AWWA C606
Grooved and Shouldered Joints
C. Comply with the applicable
reference Specifications as directed in the General
Requirements and Additional General
Requirements.
1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
A. The CONTRACTOR shall complete
shop drawings of all piping systems, equipment, accessories, and
supports in accordance with the General Requirements, Additional
General Requirements and as specified herein. The shop drawings
shall include all necessary dimensions and details on pipe joints,
fittings, fitting specials, valves, appurtenances, design
calculations, and material lists. The submittals shall include
detailed layout, spool, or fabrication drawings that show all pipe
spools, spacers, adapters, connectors, fittings, and pipe supports
necessary to accommodate the equipment and valves provided in a
complete and functional system. Layout drawings shall include all
dimensions and spacing for pipe joints, fittings, fitting specials,
valves, appurtenances, connectors, adapters, supports, hangers,
anchors, etc. necessary to provide a complete and functional system
as specified herein.
B. All expenses incurred in making
samples for certification of tests shall be borne by the CONTRACTOR.
C. CONTRACTOR Qualifications:
1. Manufacturer's Service
Representative.
2. Comply with the requirements
for the certifications, licenses, training, skills, experience,
and other qualifications specified in Article entitled “Cutting
Pipe” of this Specification.
3. Comply with the requirements
for the certifications, licenses, training, skills, experience,
and other qualifications specified in Article entitled “Pipe
Insulation” of this Specification.
4. Comply with the requirements
for the certifications, licenses, training, skills, experience,
and other qualifications specified in Article entitled “Coating
Inspection” of this Specification.
1.5 DELIVERY, HANDLING, AND
STORAGE
A. All piping materials, fittings,
valves, and accessories shall be delivered in a clean and undamaged
condition and stored off the ground, to provide protection against
oxidation caused by ground contact. All defective or damaged
materials shall be replaced with new materials.
1.6 PIPE MATERIAL ABBREVIATIONS
AC
Asphaltic Coating Bl Bituminous
Lining BC Bituminous Coating
BS
Bell and Spigot Joint
BSP
Black Steel Pipe
CC
Cement-Mortar Coating
CI
Cast Iron
CML
Cement Mortar Lined
CPVC
Chlorinated PVC DI Ductile Iron
EC
Encased In Concrete
EXC
Epoxy Coated
EXL
Epoxy Lined
EXS
Extra Strength or Extra Heavy
FC
Flexible Coupling, Harnessed As Required
FLG
Flanged Joint
GALV
Galvanized
GE
Grooved End Joint
GL
Glass Lining
GSP
Galvanized Steel Pipe HDPE High Density
Polyethylene I Insulated
J
Jacket on Pipe Insulation
MI
Malleable Iron
MJ
Mechanical Joint
NOH No-Hub
Joint
P
Painted
PCW
Plastic Coating or Wrapping
PE
Plain End
PEN
Polyethylene Encased
PL
Plastic Liner (PVC) PO Push-On Joint
PP
Polypropylene
RCP
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
RG
Rubber Gasket RL Rubber Lined SC
Screwed Joint
SP
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
STD
Standard
STL
Steel
ST STL
Stainless Steel
SW
Solvent Welded Joint
TF
Thermo-Fusion VCP Vitrified Clay Pipe
W Welded
WC
Water Column
1.7 PIPE SERVICE ABBREVIATIONS
BS
Bottom sludge CENT Centrate CHEMD
Chemical drain
CL SOL or CS Chlorine
solution
CW
City water
C
Chilled water
DS
Digested sludge DC Digester cleaning
DG Digester gas
DAFTU
Dissolved Air Floatation Underflow
D
Drain
FECL3
Ferric chloride FECL2
Ferrous chloride FD Floor drain
FM
Force main
FA
Foul air
HPA High
pressure air
HPDG High
pressure digester gas HPNG High Pressure
natural gas HW Hot water
HWR Hot
water return
HWS Hot
water supply
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IW |
Industrial water |
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A. Refer to drawing M0-5001 for pipe
schedule.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 GENERAL
A. All pipes, fittings, and
appurtenances shall be furnished in accordance with the
requirements of the applicable sections of Divisions 02 and 15 and
as specified herein.
B. Miscellaneous Small Pipes:
Miscellaneous small pipes and fittings shall be in accordance
with the requirements of Section 15010, Mill Piping - Exposed and
Buried, and as specified herein.
C. Joints: All aboveground pipe
shall have screwed, flanged, grooved-end, or welded joints.
Mechanical and push-on joints shall be installed only underground
unless otherwise noted.
D. Pipe Supports: All pipes shall
be adequately supported in accordance with the requirements of
Section 15020, Pipe Supports, and as shown.
E. Lining: Requirements pertaining
to material, thickness, application, and curing of pipe lining are
specified in the section of these Specifications governing the type
of pipe.
F. Coating: Coatings shall be
as indicated in the Pipe Schedule. Requirements pertaining
to thickness, application, and curing of pipe coating systems are
specified herein, in the sections of these Specifications governing
the type of pipe, and in Section
09800, Protective Coating. Pipes
aboveground or in structures shall be field-painted prior to
installation.
G. Pressure Rating: All piping
systems shall be tested at the test pressure indicated in the piping
schedule.
H. Gaskets: Shall be manufactured by,
Or Equal:
a. John Crane
b. Garlock
2.2 THREADED INSULATING
CONNECTIONS
A. General: Threaded insulating
bushings, unions, or couplings, as appropriate, shall be used for
joining threaded pipes of dissimilar metals and for isolating piping
systems where corrosion control and cathodic protection are
involved.
B. Materials: Threaded insulating
connections shall be of nylon, Teflon, polycarbonate, polyethylene,
or other nonconductive materials, and shall have ratings and
properties to suit the adjoining pipe.
2.3 SLEEVE-TYPE COUPLINGS A.
General:
1. Flexible sleeve-type couplings
shall be installed with all appurtenances necessary to
provide a complete functional system.
2. All flexible joints and couplings
shall be restrained across the joint to prevent slippage of pipe
ends. Flanged coupling adapters shall have not less than two
anchor studs each.
3. When flexible type couplings are
used as expansion joints, the ends of the pipe shall be separated to
allow for expansion.
4. Where indicated on the Plans,
flexible couplings shall be suitable for connecting pipes with
different outside diameters.
5. Buried sleeve-type couplings
shall be factory-applied coal tar epoxy-coated as specified in
Section 09800, Protective Coating.
B. Construction: Sleeve-type
couplings shall be of steel construction with steel bolts, and of
sizes to fit the pipe and fittings. The middle ring shall be not
less than 1/4 inch in thickness and 5 or 7 inches long for standard
couplings, and 16 inches long for long- sleeve couplings. The
followers shall be single-piece contoured mill section welded and
cold expanded to fit for the middle rings. They shall be of
sufficient strength to accommodate the number of bolts necessary
to obtain adequate gasket pressures without excessive rolling.
The shape of the follower shall be designed as to provide positive
confinement of the gasket. Bolts and nuts shall be Type 316
stainless steel in buried locations and heat-treated Grade 5 or
better for aboveground piping and gallery piping inside structures.
C. Pipe Preparation: The ends of the
pipe shall be prepared to fit steel couplings. Plain ends for use
with couplings shall be smooth and round for a distance of 12 inches
from the ends of the pipe, with outside diameter not more than 1/64
inch smaller than the nominal outside diameter of the pipe. The
ends of connected piping shall be coated as specified in Section
09800, Protective Coating.
D. Gaskets: Gaskets for sleeve-type
couplings shall be rubber-compound material that will not
deteriorate from age or exposure to air under normal storage or use
conditions. Gaskets for wastewater and sewerage applications shall
be Neoprene, or equivalent suitable elastomer. The rubber in the
gasket shall meet the following specifications:
1. Color: Jet Black
2. Surface: Non-blooming
3. Durometer Hardness: 74 plus or
minus 5
4. Tensile Strength: 1000 pounds per
inch minimum
5. Elongation: 175 percent minimum
The gaskets shall be immune to attack
by impurities normally found in water or wastewater. All gaskets
shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 2000, AA709Z, meeting Suffix
B13 Grade 3, except as noted above. All gaskets shall be compatible
with the piping service and fluid utilized.
E. Insulating Couplings: Where
insulating couplings are required, both ends of the coupling shall
have a wedge-shaped gasket that assembles over a rubber sleeve of an
insulating compound in order to obtain complete insulation of all
coupling metal parts from the pipe.
F. Restrained Joints: Restrained
joints for sleeve-type couplings shall be in accordance with AWWA
M11.
G. For cast iron and ductile iron
pipes, flexible couplings shall be manufactured by Or
Equal:
1. Dresser Style 138 or 38
2. Baker series 4228
H. For steel pipe, flexible couplings
shall be manufactured by, Or Equal:
1. Dresser Style 38
2. Baker series 4200
2.4 FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS
A. Flexible Rubber Connections:
Flexible rubber connections, unless otherwise noted, shall be a
3/8-inch-thick neoprene rubber tube with full-faced flanged ends
rated at 150 pounds per inch working pressure. Flexible rubber
connections shall be Diversipipe as made by the Goodyear Tire and
Rubber Company; Style 100 Vibraflex of neoprene rubber, as
manufactured by the Mercer Rubber Company, Or Equal.
B. Flexible Vibration Joints:
1. All pipe going to or from each
piece of mechanical equipment, for any purpose whatsoever, shall
have a flexible connecting joint in that pipe near the equipment at
points between vibration and no vibration.
2. Flexible connectors shall be
installed in all piping connections to engines, blowers,
compressors, and other vibrating equipment, and where shown.
Flexible connectors shall be flanged, braided stainless steel spools
with inner, annular, corrugated stainless steel hose, rated for
minimum 150 pounds per inch working pressure, unless otherwise
shown. The connectors shall be a minimum of 9 inches long,
face-to-face flanges, unless otherwise shown. The CONTRACTOR
shall submit manufacturer's shop drawings and calculations.
3. Flexible vibration joints 1/2
inch and smaller shall be braided bronze, Type KFCB as manufactured
by U.S. Flexible Metallic Tubing Company; Nelson Dunn Series NDB, Or
Equal.
4. Flexible vibration joints, 3/4
inch through 2 inches, shall be braided bronze as manufactured by
U.S. Flexible Metallic Tubing Company, Type KFCB; Nelson Dunn Series
NDB, Or Equal. Joints shall be suitable for working pressure of not
less than
250 pounds per inch.
5. Flexible vibration joints larger
than 2 inches shall be manufactured by U.S. Flexible Metallic
Tubing Company, Series 151-TR-1215, with ASME B16.1 Class 150
flanges, stainless steel bellows and shall be suitable for a working
pressure of 150 pounds per inch, except that in high pressure air
lines, Type BH8 shall be used; Nelson Dunn Type NDF, Or Equal.
2.5 EXPANSION JOINTS A.
General:
1. All piping subject to expansion
and contraction shall be provided with expansion joints to
compensate for movement, without exertion of undue forces to
equipment or structures. Expansion joints shall be of stainless
steel, Monel, rubber, or other materials, suitable for each
individual service. The CONTRACTOR shall submit detailed
calculations and manufacturer's shop drawings and information on
materials, temperature and pressure ratings.
2. Any visible damage whatsoever to
an expansion joint shall be sufficient cause for rejection. A
rejected joint shall be replaced with a like joint in a new and
undamaged condition at no extra cost to OCSD.
B. Sludge Piping:
1. Sludge pipe expansion joints
shall be installed between anchors as shown on the Contract
Documents. At least one expansion joint shall be installed in each
run of primary sludge piping that exceeds 20 feet in length. Spacing
of expansion joints shall not exceed 200 feet.
2. Sludge pipe expansion joints
shall have packing suitable for temperatures greater than 212
degrees F. Where sludge expansion joints are installed in glass-
lined pipe, the slip pipes shall be glass lined. The interior of
the body and exterior of the slip pipe shall be coated with coal tar
epoxy. On pipe not glass lined, the interior of the slip pipe shall
also be coated with coal tar epoxy.
3. Primary sludge piping shall have
steamer connections as shown on the Contract Documents. Steamer
connections shall be located near an anchor away from an expansion
joint.
4. Sludge Pipe Expansion Joint
Manufacturers, Or Equal:
a. Dresser Style 63, Type 2 b. Red
Valve Inc., Redflex
C. Expansion Joints, Steam and Hot
Water:
1. Expansion joints shall be
furnished and installed, as specified and where shown on the
Contract Documents. Expansion joints shall be of the flexible
bellows type and shall be rated for 150 pounds per inch, 500 degrees
F service. The bellows shall be made of laminated stainless steel
liner. The axial traverse of the expansion joint shall not be less
than 3 inches. The end connections shall be ASME B.16.1, Class
150 flanges.
2. At least one expansion joint
shall be installed in each run of steam or hot water piping that
exceeds 20 feet in length. Spacing of expansion joints shall not
exceed
150 feet for steam piping and 200 feet
for hot water piping. Where possible, expansion joints shall be
installed adjacent to an anchor. Each run of piping shall
have two concentric guides, the first
being within 2 feet of the end of the joint
opposite the anchor. Any expansion
joint not installed adjacent to an anchor shall have two concentric
guides on piping within 2 feet of both ends of the expansion joint.
3. Care shall be taken in packing,
shipping and installing expansion joints to prevent damage to the
joint bellows. The expansion joint shall also be locked against
movement in any direction until the hydrostatic pressure test of the
pipe is completed.
4. Steam and hot water pipe
expansion joint manufacturers, Or Equal:
a. Keflex Series 308-1215
b. Flexonics Inc. Control-Flex CFB
expansion joint
2.6 PIPE THREADS
A. All pipe threads shall be in
accordance with ASME B1.20.1.
2.7 PIPE INSULATION
A. Hot and cold liquid piping,
flues, and engine exhaust piping shall be insulated as shown on the
Drawings. Pipe insulation shall be in accordance with Section
15250, Pipe and Equipment Insulation.
2.8 HEAT TRACING
A. Where so specified or shown,
pipes shall be protected by heat tracing.
2.9 STEAM TRAPS
A. Steam traps shall be installed as
specified in Section 15120, Piping Specialties.
2.10 PIPE SLEEVES
A. Where specified or as indicated
on the Drawings, pipe sleeves shall be provided for piping passing
through concrete or masonry walls or floors.
B. Pipe sleeves shall be stainless
steel with a welded water-stop ring.
C. Wall sleeves are to be
sealed using modular casing seals ("link seals")
and approved caulking on both sides of the penetration.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
A. All piping and appurtenances
shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of all
applicable and related divisions of these Specifications.
B. Any deviation from lines, grades,
or elevations shown on the Drawings shall be subject to a written
acceptance by the ENGINEER.
C. Where core drilling is required
for pipes passing through existing concrete, all core drilling
locations shall be determined by radiograph of the concrete
construction to avoid damage to embedded raceways, conduits, and
reinforcing steel.
D. Prior to any core drilling of
existing concrete, the CONTRACTOR shall obtain acceptance of
all locations, in writing, from the ENGINEER.
E. All pipe to be coated shall be
coated prior to installation. After installation, the coating
shall be repaired where damaged. Bolts and other steel joint
hardware shall be free from rust when installed and primed within 24
hours after installation.
3.2 HANDLING
A. All pipe, fittings, and related
appurtenances shall be handled in a manner that will insure
installation in sound, undamaged, like new condition.
B. Handling: All pipe, fittings and
accessories shall be loaded and unloaded by lifting with hoists or
skidding in order to avoid shock or damage. Under no circumstances
shall such material be dropped. Pipe handled on skidways shall not
be rolled or skidded against pipe on the ground.
C. Pipe and fittings with cement
mortar or epoxy lining or special coatings shall be handled with
rubber-covered hooks, or other type of equipment to prevent damage.
Slings, hooks, or pipe tongs shall be padded and used in such a
manner as to prevent damage to the exterior surface or internal
lining of the pipe.
D. Pipe and fittings in which
the lining or coating has been damaged shall be immediately
removed from the jobsite and replaced. In instances where damage
is minimal, the CONTRACTOR may, with acceptance from the
ENGINEER, have the damage repaired by a qualified representative
of the pipe manufacturer or fabricator.
3.3 STORAGE
A. The interior of all pipe,
fittings, and other appurtenances shall be kept free from dirt or
foreign matter at all times.
1. All pipe shall be stored off the
ground at all times, even during installation.
2. Pipe ends shall be covered to
prevent foreign matter from entering the pipe during storage.
a. Threaded ends of pipe shall be
covered to protect the threads. b. Flanged pipe shall have the
flange faces protected.
B. Pipe shall be stacked using
suitable lumber between rows to prevent damage to pipe. Store coated
pipe on extra-wide skids to protect the coating.
C. CPVC pipe shall be stored out of
direct sunlight to prevent damage and premature deterioration.
D. Pipe with special coatings shall
be stored out of direct sunlight to prevent damage to coating.
E. Exposure to sunlight prior to
backfilling of wrapped pipe shall be kept to a minimum. If several
weeks of exposure prior to backfilling are anticipated, Class C
material shall be used (see AWWA A21.5).
F. Gaskets for mechanical and
push-on joints shall be stored in a cool location, out of direct
sunlight. Gaskets shall not come in contact with petroleum
products. Gaskets shall be used on a first-in, first-out basis.
G. Copper and galvanized pipe shall be
covered or stored indoors.
H. Pipe that has become damaged or
unidentifiable due to improper storage shall be rejected and
immediately removed from the jobsite.
3.4 CUTTING PIPE
A. Cutting of pipe shall be done in a
neat manner, without damage to the pipe, pipe lining, or pipe
coating.
B. Cuts shall be smooth, straight,
and at right angles to the pipe axis.
C. Pipe shall be cut using a portable
guillotine saw, abrasive wheel "cut-off" saw, or milling
cutter only. Use of gas torches for cutting pipe will not be
permitted.
1. Where it becomes necessary to cut
steel pipe larger than 6 inches in diameter, the CONTRACTOR may, with
written permission of the ENGINEER, use gas torch to cut the pipe.
2. Only a qualified pipe fitter or
boilermaker shall make any approved torch cuts of pipe
D. Field cut holes for saddles shall
be made utilizing a hole saw or other mechanical means. Gas torch
cutting of holes will not be permitted.
E. Cut ends and rough edges
shall be ground smooth, and for push-on joint connections,
the cut end shall be beveled by methods recommended by the
manufacturer and be subject to ENGINEER's acceptance.
F. After cutting, the end of the pipe
shall be dressed with a file or power grinder to remove all roughness
and sharp edges.
G. All damaged or removed lining or
coating shall be repaired by a qualified representative of the pipe
manufacturer or fabricator.
3.5 CLEANING
A. The interior of all pipe and
fittings shall be thoroughly cleaned of all foreign matter prior to
installation, and shall be kept clean until the Work has been
accepted.
B. Before jointing, all joint contact
surfaces shall be wire brushed, wiped clean, and kept clean until the
jointing is completed.
C. Flange faces shall be wire brushed
and cleaned to remove all oil, grease, loose primer, mill scale, or
any other foreign matter that could affect the proper seating of the
gasket.
D. Prior to testing, pipe shall
be thoroughly cleaned by flushing and/or purged in accordance
with these Specifications.
3.6 DISINFECTION
A. Disinfection of potable or city
water piping shall be in conformance with Section
02666, Water Pipeline Testing and
Disinfection, and with local (county and city) health regulations.
3.7 PURGING
A. The CONTRACTOR shall coordinate
all purging with adjacent work under other contracts as necessary to
preclude work interference or duplication of effort, and to
eliminate any safety hazard to adjacent work.
B. All purging work shall be done in
the presence of the ENGINEER, and in accordance with these
Specifications and applicable codes.
C. All existing valves shall be
operated by OCSD personnel only.
D. The ENGINEER shall be notified of
purging operations as indicated per General Requirements. The
notification shall include a detailed purging plan that includes the
following:
1. Method of purging and proposed
procedure.
2. Required coordination.
3. Drawings or sketches of lines to
be purged.
4. Sequence of operation.
5. Anticipated flow rate in standard
cubic feet per minute (scfm) of vented gas to be purged.
6. Equipment to be used.
7. Proposed method of disposing of
vented gases.
E. The CONTRACTOR shall provide
all necessary piping connections, temporary piping, temporary
valves, sampling taps, purge nitrogen, methane and oxygen monitoring
apparatus, and all other items or equipment or material required to
complete this Work.
F. Pressure within the pipe shall be
reduced to atmospheric pressure prior to beginning purging
operations.
G. The pressure shall not exceed the
normal operating pressure of the line being purged.
H. Unless otherwise accepted in
writing by the ENGINEER, vent gas containing digester/natural gas
shall be disposed of in accordance with all applicable city, state,
and federal laws and regulations.
I. Other vent gases shall be piped
outside of structures to the open atmosphere for disposal.
J. Pipelines Containing
Digester/Natural Gas:
1. At least eight volume changes of
nitrogen gas shall be available for purging.
2. The CONTRACTOR shall utilize a
combustible gas meter to determine the methane gas content in
the vented gas.
3. The pipeline shall be purged
until the residual methane in the vent gas is less than 1 percent.
Note: Following this purge, the
piping is filled with nitrogen, an asphyxiate. Proper ventilation
shall be provided if the pipe is opened.
K. Pipelines Containing Air:
1. Pipelines initially containing
air, or pipelines that have been opened to atmosphere, shall
be purged twice.
2. The first purge shall displace
air with nitrogen to minimize the explosive hazard of an
oxygen-methane mixture.
a. At least five volume changes of
nitrogen gas shall be available for the first purge.
b. An oxygen meter shall be used to
determine the oxygen content in the vented gas.
c. The pipeline shall be purged
until the oxygen in the vent gas is less than 5 percent.
d. The purge rate shall not exceed
the capacity of the pipeline.
3. The second purge shall displace
the nitrogen with digester/natural gas through the appliances or
equipment to prevent supplying a noncombustible gas mixture to the
equipment.
a. The product gas, digester or
natural gas, shall be introduced into the pipeline for the second
purge.
b. A combustible-gas meter shall
be used to determine the methane gas content in the vented
gas.
c. The pipeline shall be purged
through the appliance/equipment until methane gas can sustain a
stable flame.
d. The flow rate shall not exceed
the capacity of the appliance/equipment.
L. After the piping has been purged,
the CONTRACTOR shall notify the ENGINEER, in writing, that the
piping is ready to be placed in service.
M. OCSD personnel will place the line
in service.
3.8 PIPE SLEEVES
A. Unless otherwise specified or
indicated on the Drawings, pipes passing through concrete or masonry
shall be installed through stainless steel sleeves installed before
concrete is placed or masonry is laid.
B. The CONTRACTOR shall be
responsible for coordinating the installation of sleeves for all
piping.
C. Pipe sleeves installed through
floors provided with a special finish, such as ceramic tile,
resilient tile, or seamless flooring, shall be flush with the
finished floor surface, and shall be provided with nickel or
chromium plated floor plates.
D. In all other locations where pipes
pass through floors, pipe sleeves shall project
2 inches above the finished floor
surface, with the projection uniform throughout each floor area.
E. In the case of insulated pipes,
the insulation shall be carried through the pipe sleeve. F. Where
it is indicated on the Drawings to provide for future installation
of pipe, sleeves
shall be provided and the ends sealed
with an approved plastic cap/plug.
G. For piping passing through
existing concrete or masonry floors or walls, core drilled holes
will be accepted when accepted in writing by the ENGINEER.
1. Any reinforcement that is cut
while drilling holes in existing concrete or masonry shall be coated
with an approved epoxy coating prior to pipe being installed
H. All pipes passing through interior
concrete or masonry walls or slabs shall be caulked on both sides
with approved caulking.
1. Caulking in fire-rated walls
shall be approved fire caulking of a color that shall be subject to
acceptance by the ENGINEER.
I. All pipes passing through walls
or slabs that have one side exposed to the outside, have one side in
contact with earth, or have one side exposed to a water bearing or
water conveying structure, shall be sealed watertight by the use of
modular casing seals ("link- seals") and be caulked on
both sides of the wall or slab. The pipe sleeve for these
instances shall have a waterstop.
3.9 PIPE INSTALLATION
A. All piping shall be installed as
specified, as indicated on the Drawings and in a manner acceptable
to the ENGINEER.
B. The CONTRACTOR shall provide pipe
cut from measurements made at the jobsite, and not from the
Drawings.
C. Provisions shall be made in
laying out all piping to provide for expansion and contraction
throughout.
D. Expansion joints or fittings shall
be provided on all piping as specified or otherwise indicated on the
Drawings.
E. All exposed pipe shall be
installed in straight horizontal and vertical runs parallel to the
axis of the structures, except that gravity drain lines shall be
pitched down in the direction of flow not less than 1/8 inch per
foot. All digester gas pipe shall be pitched to drain to drip traps
as indicated, not less than 1/8 inch per foot where condensate flows
against the gas, and not less than 1/16 inch per foot where
condensate flows with the gas. At high points of straight runs,
tapered filler pieces between flanges shall be used to secure the
reversal of pitch without springing the pipe. Lines under low head
shall be laid flat or with a continuous grade so that there will be
no air traps or humps in them, except at the ends where means for
venting shall be provided.
F. No exposed piping shall be
erected until all equipment to which the pipe is to be attached has
been installed, and it can be determined where piping and fittings
shall be located to make a neat, efficient arrangement.
G. The piping installation shall
present no head bump or tripping hazard, or otherwise obstruct
passageways or hinder reasonable access for equipment maintenance.
H. Piping shall be held free of any
contact with building construction so as not to transmit noise.
I. All water, gas, and air supply
piping at each fixture, or unit of equipment, shall be provided with
an approved shutoff valve and union - WHETHER INDICATED ON THE
CONTRACT DRAWINGS OR NOT - which will permit isolation and
disconnection of each item without disturbing the rest of the
system.
J. Air supply piping shall be
provided with approved sectionalizing valves and valved air inlet
connections as required for isolating portions of the system for
periodic testing.
K. Unions shall be installed in
screwed piping where indicated on the Plans and shall be installed
at 50-foot maximum spacing on all 2-inch and smaller screwed piping.
Unions shall be installed within 6 inches of each side of tees and
valves in all screwed piping.
L. A union or flexible coupling
shall be placed on all pipes that pass through walls on both sides
of the wall.
M. The gas supply line to each
building shall be provided with an approved shutoff valve and union
located above finish grade immediately outside the building. The
gas shutoff valve shall have an approved, clearly visible, sign
installed indicating "GAS SHUTOFF".
N. Non-pressure piping installed
above electrical panels or cabinets shall be insulated and drip
shields shall be installed to contain and channel any condensate or
leakage away from the panels or cabinets.
O. Pressure piping shall not be
installed above electrical panels or cabinets.
P. All air and digester gas piping
shall be graded to points of drainage collection and approved drip
legs and valves shall be installed.
Q. Water supply piping within
structures shall be arranged, and facilities provided, for complete
drainage.
R. All piping serving metering
equipment shall be uniformly graded so that air traps are eliminated
and complete venting is provided.
S. Seal water supply shall be piped
to within 3 feet of the pumping unit seal box.
1. Connection to the pump from the
seal water piping shall be made using stainless steel tubing as
specified.
T. Stuffing box leakage from water
sealed pumps shall be piped to the nearest point of drainage
collection. Seal water leakage shall not be allowed to free flow on
the floor to the drainage collection point.
U. In no case shall copper or copper
alloy pipes or be attached to cast iron, ductile iron, or steel pipe
except by means of a dielectric coupling expressly made for this
purpose and service.
V. Taps for pressure gauge
connections on the suction and discharge sides of pumping units
shall be provided with a nipple and an approved shutoff valve.
1. Drilling and tapping of pipe
walls for installation of pressure gauges or switches will not be
permitted.
2. Taps shall be provided by factory
threaded taps or a factory welded boss.
3. All branch connections in
horizontal runs of air, gas, or steam piping shall be made from the
top of the pipe.
W. All pipe, fittings, valves,
hydrants, and other appurtenances shall be examined carefully
for damage and other defects immediately before installation.
X. No debris, tools, clothing, or
other materials shall be placed in the pipe at any time.
3.10 PLUMBING A. General:
1. Pipe and fittings associated with
plumbing fixtures shall be installed according to
California Plumbing Code.
2. All pipes shall be properly
graded, according to California Plumbing Code, and securely
supported with pipe brackets and insulating strips, to prevent
transmission of noise through pipes.
3. Horizontal piping shall be given
a slope of 1/4 inch per foot unless specifically indicated otherwise
on the Contract Documents.
4. Traps shall utilize trap primers.
B. Fittings:
1. Changes in pipe size on soil and
waste lines shall be made with reducing fittings. All changes in
direction shall be made by use of 40 degree wyes, half wyes, long-
sweep 1/4-bends, 1/6-, 1/8-, or 1/16-bends; except that sanitary
tees may be used on vertical stacks, and, on pipe 3 inches in size
or larger, short 1/4-bends or elbows may be used where the change in
direction of flow is from horizontal to vertical, and on the
discharge from water closets.
C. Connections:
1. Union Connections: Approved
unions and slip joints shall be permitted only in trap seals or on
the inlet side of the traps. The use of long screws and bushings is
prohibited.
2. Joints: Bell and spigot joints
shall utilize neoprene gaskets. Threaded joints shall be American
Standard taper screw threads, cut clean, and made up with Teflon
tape or other approved pipe thread compounds.
D. Vents:
1. Vents: Vents within 10 feet of
ventilation intakes shall extend up to a point at least 2 feet above
the adjacent intake.
2. Flashings: Vents, roof drains,
and pipes shall be flashed and made watertight at the roof with not
lighter than 4-pound-sheet-lead flashings as specified in Section
07600, Flashing and Sheet Metal.
Flashings shall extend not less than 6 inches up the pipes.
Flashing for vents may be carried up to the top of the vent and
turned down into the pipe. Flashing shields shall extend not less
than 8 inches from the vent and pipe in all directions.
E. Valves:
1. Drain valves shall be provided at
low points of water systems, and any other piping and connections
subject to freezing; drip legs at low points of gas and air piping,
to obtain a complete and workable system.
2. Individual shut-off valves shall
be provided and installed in accessible location or in cast-iron
valve boxes with extension and cover in all water and gas mains
entering buildings or structures, and in all branch mains to groups
of fixtures.
3. All fixtures shall have stops at
the fixture on all services; all fixture fittings and piping that
are exposed shall be chrome plated brass.
F. Insulation:
1. All hot water piping shall be
insulated in accordance with Section 15250, Pipe and Equipment
Insulation, except for short, exposed fixture connections. Such
systems shall be provided with shut-off and drain valves at
low points, with continuous grade down to drainage points, to
enable evacuation of the piping back to a safe location.
G. Testing and Flushing:
1. All plumbing lines and piping
shall be thoroughly flushed out and left clean, as required by the
with local (county and city) health regulations.
2. All plumbing work (soil, waste,
drain, vent lines, gas lines, etc.) shall be either air or water
tested as specified in the California Plumbing Code. The water test
requires at least 10-foot head for 15 minutes. The air test
requires a pressure of 5 psig for 15 minutes. Piping shall be
repaired and retested until no leakage is evident.
3. Leaks disclosed by testing shall
be repaired and testing continued until all piping is tight and
without leaks. All testing and repairs shall be at the CONTRACTOR’s
expense.
4. All field testing shall be
witnessed and be subject to ENGINEER's acceptance.
3.11 CHEMICAL PIPING
A. All chemical piping shall be
installed so that lines are readily accessible for cleaning. B. At
all exposed changes in direction in chemical piping, tees shall be
provided with
extra threaded openings plugged to
facilitate cleaning.
1. Thread tape or thread sealer
shall be applied to the threads of all plugs to facilitate ease of
removal.
C. Drip shields shall be installed
beneath all elevated chemical piping in areas subject to pedestrian
traffic to contain and transport leakage to an approved disposal
area.
3.12 PIPE JOINTS
A. Pipe joints shall be provided as
specified or as indicated elsewhere in the Contract
Documents.
3.13 ALIGNMENT
A. All piping shall be installed
to lines, grades, and elevations indicated on the
Drawings.
B. All deviations from the line,
grade, or elevation as indicated on the Drawings shall be accepted
in writing by the ENGINEER.
C. The CONTRACTOR is responsible for
coordinating all other work to insure that piping is installed as
indicated on the Drawings.
D. Pipe and fittings shall be
assembled so there will be no distortion or springing of the
pipelines. Flanges, unions, flexible couplings, and other
connections shall come together at the proper orientation. The fit
shall not be made by springing or heating any piping nor shall
orientation alignment be corrected by taking up on any flange bolts.
Flange bolts, union halves, flexible connectors, etc. shall slip
freely into place. If the proper fit is not obtained, the piping
shall be rebuilt to fit.
E. Piping intended to be straight
shall be straight. Deflections from a straight line or grade shall
be accepted in writing by the ENGINEER and shall be accomplished by
the use of approved fittings.
F. Concentric Pipe Guides: Pipe
guides shall be installed in the steam and hot water pipes as
indicated on the Contract Documents and where necessary for the
proper installation of the steam and hot water piping. Each run of
steam or hot water piping shall have at least two concentric pipe
guides. Concentric pipe guides shall be placed at a maximum spacing
of 30 feet.
G. If laser equipment is used for
piping installation, periodic elevation measurements shall be made
with survey equipment to verify the accuracy of grade or elevation.
If such measurements indicate thermal deflection of the laser due to
differences between ground or atmospheric temperature and the air
temperature within the pipe, steps shall be taken to prevent further
thermal deflections.
3.14 PIPE INSULATION
A. All insulation shall be installed
by a qualified insulation Subcontractor in strict accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations and the requirements of Section
15250, Pipe and Equipment Insulation.
3.15 COATING INSPECTION
A. All shop-applied coatings on pipe
or fittings shall be inspected for holidays and other defects after
receipt of the pipe or fittings on the jobsite, and again after
installation if it is determined by the ENGINEER that the coating
may have been damaged.
1. Inspection shall be made using an
electrical holiday detector.
2. The detector used, and inspection
procedures, shall be in conformance with the requirements of Section
4.4 of AWWA C209.
B. All field-applied tape wrap on
pipe, pipe joints, fittings and valves shall be inspected for
holidays and other defects following completion of wrapping and
again following installation if it is determined by the ENGINEER
that the wrapping may have been damaged.
C. Holidays and other defects
detected during inspection shall be repaired in accordance
with the recommendations of the coating or tape wrap manufacturer,
as applicable.
1. At the discretion of the
ENGINEER, major areas of defects in pipe coatings may result in
rejection of the pipe and its immediate removal from the jobsite.
2. At the discretion of the
ENGINEER, major areas of defects in pipe coatings may be repaired
onsite by a qualified representative of the manufacturer or
supplier.
3.16 BURIED PIPE
A. All stainless steel, copper, and
black steel pipe in buried locations shall have exterior surfaces
protected with a shop-applied plastic coating.
B. All galvanized piping in buried
locations shall be wrapped with an approved pipe wrap, or be coated
with an approved coal tar coating.
C. Buried pipe shall be protected
from lateral displacement by use of the specified pipe embedment
and/or encasement.
D. Under no circumstance shall pipe
be laid in water.
E. All pipe will be laid on native
material unless otherwise specified or indicated on the
Drawings.
F. All pipe subgrade shall be
compacted to a minimum relative density of 95 percent, unless
otherwise indicated on the Drawings.
G. All pipe subgrade shall have
compaction tests taken and be subject to ENGINEER's acceptance prior
to pipe installation.
H. No debris, tools, clothing, or
other materials shall be placed in the pipe at any time.
I. When pipe laying is interrupted,
or stopped at the end of the work shift, the open ends of pipe shall
be sealed with a watertight plug or other means acceptable to the
ENGINEER, to prevent water from entering the pipe.
J. CPVC pipe shall be "snaked"
in the trench, and shall be kept shaded and shall be covered with
backfill immediately following testing.
K. Piping shall be backfilled prior
to required testing. The CONTRACTOR is responsible for all costs for
repair or replacement of pipe that does not pass any required tests
and may perform intermediate tests prior to backfilling.
3.17 THRUST BLOCKS
A. Any piping involving joints of a
type that can give or slip (which means almost any kind of joint
other than a welded, screwed, or flanged joint) shall be properly
blocked or tied to prevent movement wherever the piping changes
direction, changes size, or ends. Thrust blocks are not allowed in
this project. Provide restrained mechanical joints for all buried
pipes.
3.18 CONCRETE ENCASEMENT
A. Pipe encasement shall be
installed where indicated on the Plans, per the encasement
detail in the Drawings.
B. Concrete and reinforcement for
encasement shall be as specified in Section 03300, Cast-in-Place
Concrete, of these Specifications.
C. All pipe to be encased shall be
suitably supported and blocked in proper position to allow for
complete encasement.
D. All pipe to be encased shall be
anchored to prevent floating.
E. All piping to be encased
shall be tested as specified. Obtain ENGINEER’s acceptance
of the installation prior to encasement.
3.19 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS
A. The CONTRACTOR shall provide
"As-built" Drawings for all piping installed.
Locations shall be indicated with the plant coordinate and elevation
system for the ends and all changes of direction of each piping run
installed.
B. For pipe installed in tunnels,
galleries, inside buildings, and aboveground outside
C. For buried pipe installations,
surveyed "As-builts" shall include the elevation and
location of pipe, valves, and all other pertinent information of the
installation, as well as all existing piping or structures exposed
in the trench.
D. For buried, encased piping, survey
shall be taken both prior to encasement and after the encasement is
in place.
E. As-built Drawings shall be
forwarded to the ENGINEER for review and acceptance within five days
after the installation is completed.
F. Progress payment will be withheld
for all pipe installations if "As-built" Drawings are not
received as specified.
3.20 TESTING
A. All pipe installations shall be
hydrostatically tested for a period of two (2) hours at the
hydrostatic test pressure listed in the Pipe Schedule.
B. All pressure testing shall be
done in the presence of the ENGINEER and be subject to ENGINEER’s
acceptance.
C. All pipe supports and reaction
anchorage/seismic anchorage shall be installed prior to pressure
testing.
D. Where pipes are encased in
concrete, testing shall be done before the concrete is placed.
E. Buried pipe may be center-loaded
to preclude movement prior to testing. F. The high point of all
pipe installed shall be vented.
G. Testing against valves will not be
permitted without specific written authorization from the ENGINEER.
All sections of pipe to be tested shall be blind-flanged.
H. All joints shall be examined
during the test and all visible leaks shall be repaired. The
CONTRACTOR shall furnish all necessary tools, labor, materials,
water, bulkheads, and appliances needed for the test.
I. All leaking piping shall be
completely retested following repairs of leaks. J. Acceptable
leakage is zero.
K. If changes are made to piping
installation after initial testing, such as addition of valves,
routing changes, branches, etc., the entire line shall be retested.
L. A Pipeline Test Report shall
be completed for each test and be subject to
ENGINEER's acceptance. A sample
report form follows.
PIPELINE TEST REPORT
DATE:
_
JOB
NUMBER:
ELEMENT:
INITIAL TEST:
RETEST: _
SYSTEM
TESTED:
SECTION
TESTED:
PLAN DRAWING#:
_ PIPE MATERIAL:
_
TYPE OF TEST:
_
TEST MEDIUM:
TEST PRESSURE:
_ TEST DURATION:
_
TEST START TIME:
_FINISH: _
PRESSURE LOSS/GAIN:
REASON FOR LOSS/GAIN:
_
ACTION TAKEN:
_
_
TEST PERFORMED BY:
Print Name
_ DATE
NAME OF CONTRACTOR
TEST WITNESSED AND ACCEPTED BY:
Print Name
_ DATE
ORANGE COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT
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